There is evidence that publishing openly is associated with higher citation rates ( Hitchcock, 2016). We discuss these issues with regard to four areas – publishing, funding, resource management and sharing, and career advancement – and conclude with a discussion of open questions. We recognize the current pressures on researchers, and offer advice on how to practice open science within the existing framework of academic evaluations and incentives. We address common myths about open research, such as concerns about the rigor of peer review at open access journals, risks to funding and career advancement, and forfeiture of author rights. Researchers can use open practices to their advantage to gain more citations, media attention, potential collaborators, job opportunities and funding opportunities. ![]() We take a researcher-centric approach in outlining the benefits of open research practices. ![]() In the present article, we address such concerns and suggest that the benefits of open practices outweigh the potential costs. Meritorious as such arguments may be, however, they do not address the practical barriers involved in changing researchers’ behavior, such as the common perception that open practices could present a risk to career advancement. Such policies are often motivated by ethical, moral or utilitarian arguments ( Suber, 2012 Willinsky, 2006), such as the right of taxpayers to access literature arising from publicly-funded research ( Suber, 2003), or the importance of public software and data deposition for reproducibility ( Poline et al., 2012 Stodden, 2011 Ince et al., 2012). ![]() Recognition and adoption of open research practices is growing, including new policies that increase public access to the academic literature (open access Björk et al., 2014 Swan et al., 2015) and encourage sharing of data (open data Heimstädt et al., 2014 Michener, 2015 Stodden et al., 2013), and code (open source Stodden et al., 2013 Shamir et al., 2013).
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